Biomarker Reference
Plain-English reference for every marker on a men's blood panel. What it measures, normal ranges, what high and low actually mean. No supplement marketing.
Hormones
- Total Testosterone (Total T)
12-30 nmol/L (men 25-55, AM fasted)
- Free Testosterone (Free T)
≥250 pmol/L (calculated, men 25-55)
- Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin (SHBG)
20-50 nmol/L (men)
- Estradiol (Sensitive) (E2)
60-150 pmol/L (men, sensitive assay)
- Luteinising Hormone (LH)
1.7-8.6 IU/L (men)
- Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH)
1.5-12.4 IU/L (men)
- Prolactin
<350 mIU/L (men)
- DHEA Sulfate (DHEA-S)
1.9-13.3 µmol/L (men, age-dependent)
- Cortisol (AM)
138-690 nmol/L (8am draw)
Thyroid
- Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH)
0.4-4.0 mIU/L
- Free Thyroxine (Free T4)
9-19 pmol/L
Metabolic
- Haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c)
<5.7% (non-diabetic); 5.7-6.4% pre-diabetic; ≥6.5% diabetic
- Fasting Glucose
3.9-5.5 mmol/L (fasted)
- Fasting Insulin
2-10 mIU/L (fasted)
Lipids
- LDL Cholesterol (LDL-C)
<3.0 mmol/L (general); <2.0 mmol/L (high CV risk)
- HDL Cholesterol (HDL-C)
≥1.0 mmol/L (men, higher is better)
- Triglycerides (TG)
<1.7 mmol/L (fasted)
- Apolipoprotein B (ApoB)
<1.0 g/L (general); <0.8 g/L (high CV risk)
Liver
- Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT)
<40 U/L (men)
- Gamma-Glutamyl Transferase (GGT)
<60 U/L (men)
Inflammation
- High-Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein (hs-CRP)
<1.0 mg/L (low CV risk); 1-3 average; >3 high
- Ferritin
30-300 µg/L (men)
Micronutrients
- Vitamin D (25-OH)
75-150 nmol/L (optimal); 50-75 sufficient
- Vitamin B12
200-900 pmol/L
Kidney
- Creatinine
60-110 µmol/L (men)